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Languages in the EU – why multilingualism matters

Multilingualism is the ability of societies, institutions, groups and individuals to use several languages, and the co-existence of different language communities within the same geographical area. 

In the EU, it is both a shared reality and a policy priority, forming part of the European Education Area. As one of the 8 key competences for lifelong learning, language learning is an integral element of education and training systems. The EU promotes multilingualism to boost personal fulfilment, improve job opportunities and encourage active citizenship. 

Being multilingual also strengthens cultural understanding and makes it easier for people to live, work and study across Europe. While the Council of Europe uses the term ‘plurilingualism’ to describe individual language skills, the EU uses ‘multilingualism’ to refer to both personal abilities and wider social contexts.

Explore linguistic diversity, EU multilingualism policy, key actions and Europeans’ language skills.

Linguistic diversity in the EU

The EU has 24 official languages. At the same time, EU countries have 26 state languages, along with many regional, minority, non-territorial and migrant languages. Languages are part of our identity and our shared European heritage. They foster inclusion, cohesion and economic growth.

EU multilingualism policy – promoting language diversity and language learning

The EU’s multilingualism policy promotes language diversity and language learning. Rooted in EU treaties, it fosters inclusion, mobility and competitiveness. Through international cooperation and programmes, the European Commission supports cooperation, shares best practices and pursues common goals.

Multilingualism in practice – key actions

The EU puts multilingualism into practice by enabling its citizens to access information in all 24 official languages and by funding projects that promote language learning, diversity and innovation. Programmes like Erasmus+ and Digital Europe support teacher training, cultural exchange, language technologies and inclusive education.

Europeans’ language skills

Multilingualism is a key competence for lifelong learning. While 59% of Europeans speak at least 1 foreign language, English dominates – more support is needed for people to learn a second foreign language. Young people lead in multilingual skills, and most EU citizens see improving language abilities as a political priority for Europe’s future.